Message: SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'Array
ORDER BY name' at line 3Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/onessarudnru/class/BaseModel.php
[line] => 120
[function] => getAllWithPrepere
[class] => DB
[type] => ::
[args] => Array
(
[0] =>
SELECT one_tree.id FROM one_relations
INNER JOIN one_tree ON id1 = one_tree.id
WHERE one_tree.site=1 AND modul1 = :module1 AND modul2 = :module2 AND id2 = :id2 AND one_tree.visible = 1 Array
ORDER BY name
[1] => Array
(
[module1] => tree
[module2] => direction
[id2] => 1
)
[2] => id
[3] =>
[4] => 0
[5] => 1
[6] => 1
)
)
[1] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/models/Education/InstituteModel.php
[line] => 424
[function] => getIdsByModule
[class] => Base
[type] => ::
[args] => Array
(
[0] => direction
[1] => Array
(
)
[2] => ORDER BY name
)
)
[2] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/controllers/Education/EducationController.php
[line] => 288
[function] => getDirections
[class] => Institute
[object] => Institute Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[category] => getCategoryByArray
[ids] => getElementsByArray
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
(
)
[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
)
[order:Institute:private] => udate DESC, name
[index_module:Institute:private] => faculties_and_institutes
[cat_module:Institute:private] => Institute_cat
[department:Institute:private] => department
[direction_module:Institute:private] => direction
[child_module:Institute:private] => department
[child_module_direction:Institute:private] => direction_institute
[module:Institute:private] => Institute
[rn_level_of_training:Institute:private] => level_of_training
[instituteLimit:Institute:private] => 100
[departmentLimit:Institute:private] => 10
[directionLimit:Institute:private] => 100
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
)
)
)
[3] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/controllers/Education/EducationController.php
[line] => 218
[function] => getReferences
[class] => EducationController
[object] => EducationController Object
(
[rules:protected] => Array
(
[q] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[action] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
)
)
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[institute] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[language] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[direction] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
[value] => Array
(
[0] => state_funded
[1] => contract
)
)
)
[towns] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_from] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_to] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[change_input] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[tab] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[page] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
)
[departmentLimit:EducationController:private] => 10
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
)
)
[4] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/controllers/Education/EducationController.php
[line] => 55
[function] => getDirectionInstitute
[class] => EducationController
[object] => EducationController Object
(
[rules:protected] => Array
(
[q] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[action] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
)
)
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[institute] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[language] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[direction] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
[value] => Array
(
[0] => state_funded
[1] => contract
)
)
)
[towns] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_from] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_to] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[change_input] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[tab] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[page] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
)
[departmentLimit:EducationController:private] => 10
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[id] => 12901
[level] => 7
[left_key] => 18351
[right_key] => 18352
[parent] => 7180
[name] => 标准化与计量
[name_ru] => Стандартизация и метрология
[seo_title] => 标准化与计量
[seo_keywords] => 标准化与计量
[seo_description] => 标准化与计量
[site] => 1
[path] => standardization-and-metrology-1
[visible] => 1
[num] => 50
[cdate] => 2021-09-26 18:32:27
[mdate] => 2026-09-16 14:28:16
[udate] => 2021-09-26 18:32:00
[cuser] => 1
[modul] => 0
[search] => 1
[menu] => 0
[link] =>
[sitemap] => 1
[target_blank] =>
[fields] => Array
(
[direction] => 2360
[compound_block] => Array
(
)
[description] => 现在很难为人类活动的领域命名，无论我们在哪里遇到标准化，随着知识的扩展和深化，科学技术的进步，生产的提高，工作规模的扩大和标准化原则的适用范围正在扩大。
标准化的作用在几乎所有与产品、商品和服务生产相关的活动中都很重要，无论是在国内还是在国际上。 与计量和认证一样，标准化也离不开全球化和城市化的进程。 这是因为不同国家之间的贸易实施要求在特定国家制造的产品质量符合国际规范和标准。
俄罗斯标准化的法律基础是由俄罗斯联邦“标准化法”确立的，该法的规定对所有政府机构、商业实体（无论其所有制形式）以及公共协会都是强制性的。法律通过国家标准在制定过程中引入的要求、规则、规范，以及国家在实施标准时对遵守标准强制性要求的控制，确定了国家保护消费者和国家利益的措施。
标准化为产品、商品和服务的生产建立和应用经批准和商定的规则。 标准化的主要目标是在所有利益相关方的参与下简化特定领域的劳动活动，并强制遵守操作条件和安全要求。
标准化是科学技术和实践经验相结合的成果，决定着现在和未来发展的基础，与进步密不可分。标准化执行以下重要功能：精简劳动活动对象，该功能旨在克服对象的不合理多样性；需要注意的是，应用标准化的经验表明，应用标准的经济效果比标准本身制定的成本高出5-10倍；标准化的社会和安全功能旨在建立符合健康、环保和安全要求的产品参数；资源节约功能与建立合理的资源消耗和节约要求相关联；交流功能确保为信息的客观感知和术语的规范创造条件；文明功能旨在提高产品质量，进而提高生活质量；例如，有一些标准确定了产品中有害物质的含量，其含量决定了一个人的预期寿命。
标准化最重要的任务是确保开发商、制造商、销售商和消费者在对交通、通信、国防、环境保护、环境控制和公共安全等项目、项目和基础设施综合体的控制基础上相互理解。
鉴于标准化对于科学技术发展、经济运行以及人类生活和活动的所有领域的重要性，所有国家都通过了相关法律和其他法规。 还通过了有关标准化的国际规范性文件。
只有每个企业都生产出高质量的有竞争力的产品，每个公民都兢兢业业、有知识、有乐趣地做自己的工作，我们才能获得有价值的未来和高品质的生活。
[phone] =>
[extend_phone] =>
[email] =>
[address] =>
[schedule_days] =>
[schedule_hours] =>
)
[real_path] => /education/schools-and-departments/institutions/faculty-of-ecology/directions/standardization-and-metrology-1
[direction] => Array
(
[id] => 2360
[level] => 4
[left_key] => 43474
[right_key] => 43475
[parent] => 1931
[name] => 标准化与计量
[name_ru] => Стандартизация и метрология
[seo_title] => 标准化与计量
[seo_keywords] => 标准化与计量
[seo_description] => 标准化与计量
[site] => 1
[path] => standardization-and-metrology
[visible] => 1
[num] => 341
[cdate] => 2017-10-29 16:50:39
[mdate] => 2026-09-16 14:28:16
[udate] => 2017-10-29 18:50:00
[cuser] => 1
[modul] => 0
[search] => 1
[menu] => 0
[link] =>
[sitemap] => 0
[target_blank] => 0
[fields] => Array
(
[educational_standard] =>
[educational_standard_rudn] =>
[in_departament] =>
)
)
[sub] =>
[institute] => 273
)
)
)
[5] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/onessarudnru/index.php
[line] => 249
[function] => __construct
[class] => EducationController
[object] => EducationController Object
(
[rules:protected] => Array
(
[q] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[action] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
)
)
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[institute] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[language] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[direction] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
[value] => Array
(
[0] => state_funded
[1] => contract
)
)
)
[towns] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_from] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_to] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[change_input] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[tab] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[page] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
)
[departmentLimit:EducationController:private] => 10
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
)
)
[6] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/index.php
[line] => 4
[args] => Array
(
[0] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/onessarudnru/index.php
)
[function] => require_once
)
)
Message: SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near ')' at line 1Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/models/Education/ProgramModel.php
[line] => 209
[function] => getAllWithPrepere
[class] => DB
[type] => ::
[args] => Array
(
[0] => SELECT tree FROM one_data WHERE (path='in_departament' AND value_text != '') AND tree in ()
[1] => Array
(
)
[2] => tree
)
)
[1] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/models/Education/ProgramModel.php
[line] => 133
[function] => getProgramByDirection
[class] => Program
[object] => Program Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[direction] => getProgramByDirection
[level_of_training] => getProgramByLevel
[departament] => getProgramByDepartament
[mode_of_study] => getProgramsByModeOfStudy
[conditions_of_education] => getProgramsByCondOfEducation
[second_diploma] => getProgramsBySecondDiplom
[institute] => getProgramByDepartament
[directions] => getProgramsByDirection
[towns] => getProgramsByTowns
[language] => getProgrammsByLanguage
[price_from] => getProgramsFromPrice
[price_to] => getProgramsToPrice
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
(
)
[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[function] => getLevelOfTrainingByPrograms
[type_element] => select
[path] => level_of_training
[table] => reference
)
[direction] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => direction
[table] => tree
)
[institute] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => in_departament
[table] => tree
)
[language] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => language
[table] => reference
[type_element] => select
)
[towns] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => towns
[table] => reference
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[function] => getGmoduleOrder
[type_element] => checkbox
[path] => mode_of_study
[table] => reference
[type] => select
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[function] => getConditionsOfEducationByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[function] => getSecondDiplomByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
)
[order:Program:private] => name
[index_module:Program:private] => educational_programs
[direction_module:Program:private] => direction
[module:Program:private] => programs
[gm_name:Program:private] => mode_of_study
[gm_path:Program:private] => price_for_foreigners_dollar
[limit:Program:private] => 500
[functionOne] => getOne
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
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)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => 2360
)
)
)
[2] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/models/Education/ProgramModel.php
[line] => 103
[function] => getItemsList
[class] => Program
[object] => Program Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[direction] => getProgramByDirection
[level_of_training] => getProgramByLevel
[departament] => getProgramByDepartament
[mode_of_study] => getProgramsByModeOfStudy
[conditions_of_education] => getProgramsByCondOfEducation
[second_diploma] => getProgramsBySecondDiplom
[institute] => getProgramByDepartament
[directions] => getProgramsByDirection
[towns] => getProgramsByTowns
[language] => getProgrammsByLanguage
[price_from] => getProgramsFromPrice
[price_to] => getProgramsToPrice
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
(
)
[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[function] => getLevelOfTrainingByPrograms
[type_element] => select
[path] => level_of_training
[table] => reference
)
[direction] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => direction
[table] => tree
)
[institute] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => in_departament
[table] => tree
)
[language] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => language
[table] => reference
[type_element] => select
)
[towns] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => towns
[table] => reference
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[function] => getGmoduleOrder
[type_element] => checkbox
[path] => mode_of_study
[table] => reference
[type] => select
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[function] => getConditionsOfEducationByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[function] => getSecondDiplomByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
)
[order:Program:private] => name
[index_module:Program:private] => educational_programs
[direction_module:Program:private] => direction
[module:Program:private] => programs
[gm_name:Program:private] => mode_of_study
[gm_path:Program:private] => price_for_foreigners_dollar
[limit:Program:private] => 500
[functionOne] => getOne
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[direction] => 2360
[institute] => 273
)
[1] =>
)
)
[3] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/onessarudnru/class/BaseModel.php
[line] => 314
[function] => getList
[class] => Program
[object] => Program Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[direction] => getProgramByDirection
[level_of_training] => getProgramByLevel
[departament] => getProgramByDepartament
[mode_of_study] => getProgramsByModeOfStudy
[conditions_of_education] => getProgramsByCondOfEducation
[second_diploma] => getProgramsBySecondDiplom
[institute] => getProgramByDepartament
[directions] => getProgramsByDirection
[towns] => getProgramsByTowns
[language] => getProgrammsByLanguage
[price_from] => getProgramsFromPrice
[price_to] => getProgramsToPrice
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
(
)
[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[function] => getLevelOfTrainingByPrograms
[type_element] => select
[path] => level_of_training
[table] => reference
)
[direction] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => direction
[table] => tree
)
[institute] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => in_departament
[table] => tree
)
[language] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => language
[table] => reference
[type_element] => select
)
[towns] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => towns
[table] => reference
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
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[function] => getGmoduleOrder
[type_element] => checkbox
[path] => mode_of_study
[table] => reference
[type] => select
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[function] => getConditionsOfEducationByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
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[second_diploma] => Array
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[function] => getSecondDiplomByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
)
[order:Program:private] => name
[index_module:Program:private] => educational_programs
[direction_module:Program:private] => direction
[module:Program:private] => programs
[gm_name:Program:private] => mode_of_study
[gm_path:Program:private] => price_for_foreigners_dollar
[limit:Program:private] => 500
[functionOne] => getOne
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[direction] => 2360
[institute] => 273
)
[1] => 1
)
)
[4] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/controllers/Education/EducationController.php
[line] => 233
[function] => getReferences
[class] => Base
[object] => Program Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[direction] => getProgramByDirection
[level_of_training] => getProgramByLevel
[departament] => getProgramByDepartament
[mode_of_study] => getProgramsByModeOfStudy
[conditions_of_education] => getProgramsByCondOfEducation
[second_diploma] => getProgramsBySecondDiplom
[institute] => getProgramByDepartament
[directions] => getProgramsByDirection
[towns] => getProgramsByTowns
[language] => getProgrammsByLanguage
[price_from] => getProgramsFromPrice
[price_to] => getProgramsToPrice
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
(
)
[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[function] => getLevelOfTrainingByPrograms
[type_element] => select
[path] => level_of_training
[table] => reference
)
[direction] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => direction
[table] => tree
)
[institute] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => in_departament
[table] => tree
)
[language] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => language
[table] => reference
[type_element] => select
)
[towns] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => towns
[table] => reference
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[function] => getGmoduleOrder
[type_element] => checkbox
[path] => mode_of_study
[table] => reference
[type] => select
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[function] => getConditionsOfEducationByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[function] => getSecondDiplomByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
)
[order:Program:private] => name
[index_module:Program:private] => educational_programs
[direction_module:Program:private] => direction
[module:Program:private] => programs
[gm_name:Program:private] => mode_of_study
[gm_path:Program:private] => price_for_foreigners_dollar
[limit:Program:private] => 500
[functionOne] => getOne
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[direction] => 2360
[institute] => 273
)
)
)
[5] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/controllers/Education/EducationController.php
[line] => 55
[function] => getDirectionInstitute
[class] => EducationController
[object] => EducationController Object
(
[rules:protected] => Array
(
[q] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[action] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
)
)
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[institute] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[language] => Array
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[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[direction] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
[value] => Array
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[0] => state_funded
[1] => contract
)
)
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[towns] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_from] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_to] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[change_input] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[tab] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[page] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
)
[departmentLimit:EducationController:private] => 10
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[id] => 12901
[level] => 7
[left_key] => 18351
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[parent] => 7180
[name] => 标准化与计量
[name_ru] => Стандартизация и метрология
[seo_title] => 标准化与计量
[seo_keywords] => 标准化与计量
[seo_description] => 标准化与计量
[site] => 1
[path] => standardization-and-metrology-1
[visible] => 1
[num] => 50
[cdate] => 2021-09-26 18:32:27
[mdate] => 2026-09-16 14:28:16
[udate] => 2021-09-26 18:32:00
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[search] => 1
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[link] =>
[sitemap] => 1
[target_blank] =>
[fields] => Array
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[compound_block] => Array
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[description] => 现在很难为人类活动的领域命名，无论我们在哪里遇到标准化，随着知识的扩展和深化，科学技术的进步，生产的提高，工作规模的扩大和标准化原则的适用范围正在扩大。
标准化的作用在几乎所有与产品、商品和服务生产相关的活动中都很重要，无论是在国内还是在国际上。 与计量和认证一样，标准化也离不开全球化和城市化的进程。 这是因为不同国家之间的贸易实施要求在特定国家制造的产品质量符合国际规范和标准。
俄罗斯标准化的法律基础是由俄罗斯联邦“标准化法”确立的，该法的规定对所有政府机构、商业实体（无论其所有制形式）以及公共协会都是强制性的。法律通过国家标准在制定过程中引入的要求、规则、规范，以及国家在实施标准时对遵守标准强制性要求的控制，确定了国家保护消费者和国家利益的措施。
标准化为产品、商品和服务的生产建立和应用经批准和商定的规则。 标准化的主要目标是在所有利益相关方的参与下简化特定领域的劳动活动，并强制遵守操作条件和安全要求。
标准化是科学技术和实践经验相结合的成果，决定着现在和未来发展的基础，与进步密不可分。标准化执行以下重要功能：精简劳动活动对象，该功能旨在克服对象的不合理多样性；需要注意的是，应用标准化的经验表明，应用标准的经济效果比标准本身制定的成本高出5-10倍；标准化的社会和安全功能旨在建立符合健康、环保和安全要求的产品参数；资源节约功能与建立合理的资源消耗和节约要求相关联；交流功能确保为信息的客观感知和术语的规范创造条件；文明功能旨在提高产品质量，进而提高生活质量；例如，有一些标准确定了产品中有害物质的含量，其含量决定了一个人的预期寿命。
标准化最重要的任务是确保开发商、制造商、销售商和消费者在对交通、通信、国防、环境保护、环境控制和公共安全等项目、项目和基础设施综合体的控制基础上相互理解。
鉴于标准化对于科学技术发展、经济运行以及人类生活和活动的所有领域的重要性，所有国家都通过了相关法律和其他法规。 还通过了有关标准化的国际规范性文件。
只有每个企业都生产出高质量的有竞争力的产品，每个公民都兢兢业业、有知识、有乐趣地做自己的工作，我们才能获得有价值的未来和高品质的生活。
[phone] =>
[extend_phone] =>
[email] =>
[address] =>
[schedule_days] =>
[schedule_hours] =>
)
[real_path] => /education/schools-and-departments/institutions/faculty-of-ecology/directions/standardization-and-metrology-1
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[name] => 标准化与计量
[name_ru] => Стандартизация и метрология
[seo_title] => 标准化与计量
[seo_keywords] => 标准化与计量
[seo_description] => 标准化与计量
[site] => 1
[path] => standardization-and-metrology
[visible] => 1
[num] => 341
[cdate] => 2017-10-29 16:50:39
[mdate] => 2026-09-16 14:28:16
[udate] => 2017-10-29 18:50:00
[cuser] => 1
[modul] => 0
[search] => 1
[menu] => 0
[link] =>
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[fields] => Array
(
[educational_standard] =>
[educational_standard_rudn] =>
[in_departament] =>
)
)
[sub] =>
[institute] => 273
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(
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(
[id] => 493
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[value] =>
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[file_id] =>
[sub] => Array
(
)
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[494] => Array
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[path] =>
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[6] => Array
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[line] => 249
[function] => __construct
[class] => EducationController
[object] => EducationController Object
(
[rules:protected] => Array
(
[q] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[action] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
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)
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[institute] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[language] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[direction] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
[value] => Array
(
[0] => state_funded
[1] => contract
)
)
)
[towns] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_from] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_to] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[change_input] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[tab] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[page] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
)
[departmentLimit:EducationController:private] => 10
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
)
)
[7] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/index.php
[line] => 4
[args] => Array
(
[0] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/onessarudnru/index.php
)
[function] => require_once
)
)
Message: SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near ')' at line 1Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/models/Education/ProgramModel.php
[line] => 209
[function] => getAllWithPrepere
[class] => DB
[type] => ::
[args] => Array
(
[0] => SELECT tree FROM one_data WHERE (path='in_departament' AND value_text != '') AND tree in ()
[1] => Array
(
)
[2] => tree
)
)
[1] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/models/Education/ProgramModel.php
[line] => 133
[function] => getProgramByDirection
[class] => Program
[object] => Program Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[direction] => getProgramByDirection
[level_of_training] => getProgramByLevel
[departament] => getProgramByDepartament
[mode_of_study] => getProgramsByModeOfStudy
[conditions_of_education] => getProgramsByCondOfEducation
[second_diploma] => getProgramsBySecondDiplom
[institute] => getProgramByDepartament
[directions] => getProgramsByDirection
[towns] => getProgramsByTowns
[language] => getProgrammsByLanguage
[price_from] => getProgramsFromPrice
[price_to] => getProgramsToPrice
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
(
[25535] => 25535
[25531] => 25531
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[25742] => 25742
[25743] => 25743
[25744] => 25744
)
[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[function] => getLevelOfTrainingByPrograms
[type_element] => select
[path] => level_of_training
[table] => reference
)
[direction] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => direction
[table] => tree
)
[institute] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => in_departament
[table] => tree
)
[language] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => language
[table] => reference
[type_element] => select
)
[towns] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => towns
[table] => reference
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[function] => getGmoduleOrder
[type_element] => checkbox
[path] => mode_of_study
[table] => reference
[type] => select
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[function] => getConditionsOfEducationByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[function] => getSecondDiplomByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
)
[order:Program:private] => name
[index_module:Program:private] => educational_programs
[direction_module:Program:private] => direction
[module:Program:private] => programs
[gm_name:Program:private] => mode_of_study
[gm_path:Program:private] => price_for_foreigners_dollar
[limit:Program:private] => 500
[functionOne] => getOne
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
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[1] => Array
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[2] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/models/Education/ProgramModel.php
[line] => 103
[function] => getItemsList
[class] => Program
[object] => Program Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[direction] => getProgramByDirection
[level_of_training] => getProgramByLevel
[departament] => getProgramByDepartament
[mode_of_study] => getProgramsByModeOfStudy
[conditions_of_education] => getProgramsByCondOfEducation
[second_diploma] => getProgramsBySecondDiplom
[institute] => getProgramByDepartament
[directions] => getProgramsByDirection
[towns] => getProgramsByTowns
[language] => getProgrammsByLanguage
[price_from] => getProgramsFromPrice
[price_to] => getProgramsToPrice
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
(
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[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[function] => getLevelOfTrainingByPrograms
[type_element] => select
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[table] => reference
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[direction] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
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[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
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[towns] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
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[path] => towns
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[type_element] => checkbox
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[function] => getGmoduleOrder
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[type] => select
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[function] => getConditionsOfEducationByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
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[second_diploma] => Array
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[function] => getSecondDiplomByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
)
[order:Program:private] => name
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[direction_module:Program:private] => direction
[module:Program:private] => programs
[gm_name:Program:private] => mode_of_study
[gm_path:Program:private] => price_for_foreigners_dollar
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[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[direction] => 2360
)
[1] =>
)
)
[3] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/onessarudnru/class/BaseModel.php
[line] => 327
[function] => getList
[class] => Program
[object] => Program Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[direction] => getProgramByDirection
[level_of_training] => getProgramByLevel
[departament] => getProgramByDepartament
[mode_of_study] => getProgramsByModeOfStudy
[conditions_of_education] => getProgramsByCondOfEducation
[second_diploma] => getProgramsBySecondDiplom
[institute] => getProgramByDepartament
[directions] => getProgramsByDirection
[towns] => getProgramsByTowns
[language] => getProgrammsByLanguage
[price_from] => getProgramsFromPrice
[price_to] => getProgramsToPrice
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
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[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[function] => getLevelOfTrainingByPrograms
[type_element] => select
[path] => level_of_training
[table] => reference
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[direction] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => direction
[table] => tree
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[institute] => Array
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[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
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[path] => in_departament
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[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
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[mode_of_study] => Array
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[function] => getGmoduleOrder
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[type] => select
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[conditions_of_education] => Array
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[function] => getConditionsOfEducationByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
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[second_diploma] => Array
(
[function] => getSecondDiplomByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
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[order:Program:private] => name
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[direction_module:Program:private] => direction
[module:Program:private] => programs
[gm_name:Program:private] => mode_of_study
[gm_path:Program:private] => price_for_foreigners_dollar
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[functionOne] => getOne
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(
[direction] => 2360
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[1] => 1
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[4] => Array
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[function] => getReferences
[class] => Base
[object] => Program Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[direction] => getProgramByDirection
[level_of_training] => getProgramByLevel
[departament] => getProgramByDepartament
[mode_of_study] => getProgramsByModeOfStudy
[conditions_of_education] => getProgramsByCondOfEducation
[second_diploma] => getProgramsBySecondDiplom
[institute] => getProgramByDepartament
[directions] => getProgramsByDirection
[towns] => getProgramsByTowns
[language] => getProgrammsByLanguage
[price_from] => getProgramsFromPrice
[price_to] => getProgramsToPrice
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
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[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[function] => getLevelOfTrainingByPrograms
[type_element] => select
[path] => level_of_training
[table] => reference
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[direction] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => direction
[table] => tree
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[institute] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => in_departament
[table] => tree
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[language] => Array
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[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => language
[table] => reference
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[towns] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => towns
[table] => reference
[type_element] => checkbox
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[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[function] => getGmoduleOrder
[type_element] => checkbox
[path] => mode_of_study
[table] => reference
[type] => select
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[function] => getConditionsOfEducationByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[function] => getSecondDiplomByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
)
[order:Program:private] => name
[index_module:Program:private] => educational_programs
[direction_module:Program:private] => direction
[module:Program:private] => programs
[gm_name:Program:private] => mode_of_study
[gm_path:Program:private] => price_for_foreigners_dollar
[limit:Program:private] => 500
[functionOne] => getOne
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[type] => ->
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(
[0] => Array
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[direction] => 2360
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[5] => Array
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[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/controllers/Education/EducationController.php
[line] => 55
[function] => getDirectionInstitute
[class] => EducationController
[object] => EducationController Object
(
[rules:protected] => Array
(
[q] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[action] => Array
(
[type] => string
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[mode_of_study] => Array
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[type] => string
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[level_of_training] => Array
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[type] => int
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[language] => Array
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[conditions_of_education] => Array
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[type] => string
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[type] => int
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[departmentLimit:EducationController:private] => 10
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[name] => 标准化与计量
[name_ru] => Стандартизация и метрология
[seo_title] => 标准化与计量
[seo_keywords] => 标准化与计量
[seo_description] => 标准化与计量
[site] => 1
[path] => standardization-and-metrology-1
[visible] => 1
[num] => 50
[cdate] => 2021-09-26 18:32:27
[mdate] => 2026-09-16 14:28:16
[udate] => 2021-09-26 18:32:00
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[fields] => Array
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[description] => 现在很难为人类活动的领域命名，无论我们在哪里遇到标准化，随着知识的扩展和深化，科学技术的进步，生产的提高，工作规模的扩大和标准化原则的适用范围正在扩大。
标准化的作用在几乎所有与产品、商品和服务生产相关的活动中都很重要，无论是在国内还是在国际上。 与计量和认证一样，标准化也离不开全球化和城市化的进程。 这是因为不同国家之间的贸易实施要求在特定国家制造的产品质量符合国际规范和标准。
俄罗斯标准化的法律基础是由俄罗斯联邦“标准化法”确立的，该法的规定对所有政府机构、商业实体（无论其所有制形式）以及公共协会都是强制性的。法律通过国家标准在制定过程中引入的要求、规则、规范，以及国家在实施标准时对遵守标准强制性要求的控制，确定了国家保护消费者和国家利益的措施。
标准化为产品、商品和服务的生产建立和应用经批准和商定的规则。 标准化的主要目标是在所有利益相关方的参与下简化特定领域的劳动活动，并强制遵守操作条件和安全要求。
标准化是科学技术和实践经验相结合的成果，决定着现在和未来发展的基础，与进步密不可分。标准化执行以下重要功能：精简劳动活动对象，该功能旨在克服对象的不合理多样性；需要注意的是，应用标准化的经验表明，应用标准的经济效果比标准本身制定的成本高出5-10倍；标准化的社会和安全功能旨在建立符合健康、环保和安全要求的产品参数；资源节约功能与建立合理的资源消耗和节约要求相关联；交流功能确保为信息的客观感知和术语的规范创造条件；文明功能旨在提高产品质量，进而提高生活质量；例如，有一些标准确定了产品中有害物质的含量，其含量决定了一个人的预期寿命。
标准化最重要的任务是确保开发商、制造商、销售商和消费者在对交通、通信、国防、环境保护、环境控制和公共安全等项目、项目和基础设施综合体的控制基础上相互理解。
鉴于标准化对于科学技术发展、经济运行以及人类生活和活动的所有领域的重要性，所有国家都通过了相关法律和其他法规。 还通过了有关标准化的国际规范性文件。
只有每个企业都生产出高质量的有竞争力的产品，每个公民都兢兢业业、有知识、有乐趣地做自己的工作，我们才能获得有价值的未来和高品质的生活。
[phone] =>
[extend_phone] =>
[email] =>
[address] =>
[schedule_days] =>
[schedule_hours] =>
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[real_path] => /education/schools-and-departments/institutions/faculty-of-ecology/directions/standardization-and-metrology-1
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[seo_description] => 标准化与计量
[site] => 1
[path] => standardization-and-metrology
[visible] => 1
[num] => 341
[cdate] => 2017-10-29 16:50:39
[mdate] => 2026-09-16 14:28:16
[udate] => 2017-10-29 18:50:00
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[modul] => 0
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[fields] => Array
(
[educational_standard] =>
[educational_standard_rudn] =>
[in_departament] =>
)
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[sub] =>
[institute] => 273
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[line] => 249
[function] => __construct
[class] => EducationController
[object] => EducationController Object
(
[rules:protected] => Array
(
[q] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[action] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
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[level_of_training] => Array
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(
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[institute] => Array
(
[type] => int
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(
[default] => 0
)
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[language] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
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)
)
[direction] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
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[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
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[options] => Array
(
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[value] => Array
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[towns] => Array
(
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(
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[second_diploma] => Array
(
[type] => int
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(
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[price_from] => Array
(
[type] => float
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(
[default] => 0
)
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[price_to] => Array
(
[type] => float
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(
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[change_input] => Array
(
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[tab] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[page] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
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)
)
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[departmentLimit:EducationController:private] => 10
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[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
)
)
[7] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/index.php
[line] => 4
[args] => Array
(
[0] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/onessarudnru/index.php
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[function] => require_once
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Message: SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near ')' at line 1Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/models/Education/ProgramModel.php
[line] => 209
[function] => getAllWithPrepere
[class] => DB
[type] => ::
[args] => Array
(
[0] => SELECT tree FROM one_data WHERE (path='in_departament' AND value_text != '') AND tree in ()
[1] => Array
(
)
[2] => tree
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[1] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/models/Education/ProgramModel.php
[line] => 133
[function] => getProgramByDirection
[class] => Program
[object] => Program Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[direction] => getProgramByDirection
[level_of_training] => getProgramByLevel
[departament] => getProgramByDepartament
[mode_of_study] => getProgramsByModeOfStudy
[conditions_of_education] => getProgramsByCondOfEducation
[second_diploma] => getProgramsBySecondDiplom
[institute] => getProgramByDepartament
[directions] => getProgramsByDirection
[towns] => getProgramsByTowns
[language] => getProgrammsByLanguage
[price_from] => getProgramsFromPrice
[price_to] => getProgramsToPrice
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
(
)
[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[function] => getLevelOfTrainingByPrograms
[type_element] => select
[path] => level_of_training
[table] => reference
)
[direction] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => direction
[table] => tree
)
[institute] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => in_departament
[table] => tree
)
[language] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => language
[table] => reference
[type_element] => select
)
[towns] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => towns
[table] => reference
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[function] => getGmoduleOrder
[type_element] => checkbox
[path] => mode_of_study
[table] => reference
[type] => select
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[function] => getConditionsOfEducationByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[function] => getSecondDiplomByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
)
[order:Program:private] => name
[index_module:Program:private] => educational_programs
[direction_module:Program:private] => direction
[module:Program:private] => programs
[gm_name:Program:private] => mode_of_study
[gm_path:Program:private] => price_for_foreigners_dollar
[limit:Program:private] => 500
[functionOne] => getOne
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[25535] => 25535
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[25546] => 25546
[25549] => 25549
[25550] => 25550
[25741] => 25741
[25742] => 25742
[25743] => 25743
[25744] => 25744
)
[1] => Array
(
[0] => 2360
)
)
)
[2] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/models/Education/ProgramModel.php
[line] => 103
[function] => getItemsList
[class] => Program
[object] => Program Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[direction] => getProgramByDirection
[level_of_training] => getProgramByLevel
[departament] => getProgramByDepartament
[mode_of_study] => getProgramsByModeOfStudy
[conditions_of_education] => getProgramsByCondOfEducation
[second_diploma] => getProgramsBySecondDiplom
[institute] => getProgramByDepartament
[directions] => getProgramsByDirection
[towns] => getProgramsByTowns
[language] => getProgrammsByLanguage
[price_from] => getProgramsFromPrice
[price_to] => getProgramsToPrice
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
(
)
[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[function] => getLevelOfTrainingByPrograms
[type_element] => select
[path] => level_of_training
[table] => reference
)
[direction] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => direction
[table] => tree
)
[institute] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => in_departament
[table] => tree
)
[language] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => language
[table] => reference
[type_element] => select
)
[towns] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => towns
[table] => reference
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[function] => getGmoduleOrder
[type_element] => checkbox
[path] => mode_of_study
[table] => reference
[type] => select
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[function] => getConditionsOfEducationByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[function] => getSecondDiplomByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
)
[order:Program:private] => name
[index_module:Program:private] => educational_programs
[direction_module:Program:private] => direction
[module:Program:private] => programs
[gm_name:Program:private] => mode_of_study
[gm_path:Program:private] => price_for_foreigners_dollar
[limit:Program:private] => 500
[functionOne] => getOne
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[direction] => 2360
[institute] => 273
)
[1] =>
)
)
[3] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/controllers/Education/EducationController.php
[line] => 328
[function] => getList
[class] => Program
[object] => Program Object
(
[condition_name:protected] => Array
(
[direction] => getProgramByDirection
[level_of_training] => getProgramByLevel
[departament] => getProgramByDepartament
[mode_of_study] => getProgramsByModeOfStudy
[conditions_of_education] => getProgramsByCondOfEducation
[second_diploma] => getProgramsBySecondDiplom
[institute] => getProgramByDepartament
[directions] => getProgramsByDirection
[towns] => getProgramsByTowns
[language] => getProgrammsByLanguage
[price_from] => getProgramsFromPrice
[price_to] => getProgramsToPrice
)
[conditionIds:protected] => Array
(
)
[reference_name:protected] => Array
(
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[function] => getLevelOfTrainingByPrograms
[type_element] => select
[path] => level_of_training
[table] => reference
)
[direction] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => direction
[table] => tree
)
[institute] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormSelect
[type_element] => select
[path] => in_departament
[table] => tree
)
[language] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => language
[table] => reference
[type_element] => select
)
[towns] => Array
(
[function] => getReferenceFormTreeSelect
[type] => multiselect
[path] => towns
[table] => reference
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[function] => getGmoduleOrder
[type_element] => checkbox
[path] => mode_of_study
[table] => reference
[type] => select
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[function] => getConditionsOfEducationByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[function] => getSecondDiplomByPrograms
[type_element] => checkbox
)
)
[order:Program:private] => name
[index_module:Program:private] => educational_programs
[direction_module:Program:private] => direction
[module:Program:private] => programs
[gm_name:Program:private] => mode_of_study
[gm_path:Program:private] => price_for_foreigners_dollar
[limit:Program:private] => 500
[functionOne] => getOne
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[direction] => 2360
[institute] => 273
)
)
)
[4] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/controllers/Education/EducationController.php
[line] => 234
[function] => getListFromArray
[class] => EducationController
[object] => EducationController Object
(
[rules:protected] => Array
(
[q] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[action] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
)
)
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[institute] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[language] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[direction] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
[value] => Array
(
[0] => state_funded
[1] => contract
)
)
)
[towns] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_from] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_to] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[change_input] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[tab] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[page] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
)
[departmentLimit:EducationController:private] => 10
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[493] => Array
(
[id] => 493
[parent] => 492
[level] => 2
[left_key] => 1016
[right_key] => 1017
[name] => 全日制
[name_ru] => Очная
[path] =>
[value] =>
[type] => text
[num] => 10
[visible] => 1
[file_id] =>
[sub] => Array
(
)
)
[494] => Array
(
[id] => 494
[parent] => 492
[level] => 2
[left_key] => 1018
[right_key] => 1019
[name] => 全日制与非全日制
[name_ru] => Очно-заочная
[path] =>
[value] =>
[type] => text
[num] => 20
[visible] => 1
[file_id] =>
[sub] => Array
(
)
)
[495] => Array
(
[id] => 495
[parent] => 492
[level] => 2
[left_key] => 1020
[right_key] => 1021
[name] => 函授学
[name_ru] => Заочная
[path] =>
[value] =>
[type] => text
[num] => 30
[visible] => 1
[file_id] =>
[sub] => Array
(
)
)
)
[1] => Array
(
[direction] => 2360
[institute] => 273
)
)
)
[5] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/controllers/Education/EducationController.php
[line] => 55
[function] => getDirectionInstitute
[class] => EducationController
[object] => EducationController Object
(
[rules:protected] => Array
(
[q] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[action] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
)
)
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[institute] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[language] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[direction] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
[value] => Array
(
[0] => state_funded
[1] => contract
)
)
)
[towns] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_from] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_to] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[change_input] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[tab] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[page] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
)
[departmentLimit:EducationController:private] => 10
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[id] => 12901
[level] => 7
[left_key] => 18351
[right_key] => 18352
[parent] => 7180
[name] => 标准化与计量
[name_ru] => Стандартизация и метрология
[seo_title] => 标准化与计量
[seo_keywords] => 标准化与计量
[seo_description] => 标准化与计量
[site] => 1
[path] => standardization-and-metrology-1
[visible] => 1
[num] => 50
[cdate] => 2021-09-26 18:32:27
[mdate] => 2026-09-16 14:28:16
[udate] => 2021-09-26 18:32:00
[cuser] => 1
[modul] => 0
[search] => 1
[menu] => 0
[link] =>
[sitemap] => 1
[target_blank] =>
[fields] => Array
(
[direction] => 2360
[compound_block] => Array
(
)
[description] => 现在很难为人类活动的领域命名，无论我们在哪里遇到标准化，随着知识的扩展和深化，科学技术的进步，生产的提高，工作规模的扩大和标准化原则的适用范围正在扩大。
标准化的作用在几乎所有与产品、商品和服务生产相关的活动中都很重要，无论是在国内还是在国际上。 与计量和认证一样，标准化也离不开全球化和城市化的进程。 这是因为不同国家之间的贸易实施要求在特定国家制造的产品质量符合国际规范和标准。
俄罗斯标准化的法律基础是由俄罗斯联邦“标准化法”确立的，该法的规定对所有政府机构、商业实体（无论其所有制形式）以及公共协会都是强制性的。法律通过国家标准在制定过程中引入的要求、规则、规范，以及国家在实施标准时对遵守标准强制性要求的控制，确定了国家保护消费者和国家利益的措施。
标准化为产品、商品和服务的生产建立和应用经批准和商定的规则。 标准化的主要目标是在所有利益相关方的参与下简化特定领域的劳动活动，并强制遵守操作条件和安全要求。
标准化是科学技术和实践经验相结合的成果，决定着现在和未来发展的基础，与进步密不可分。标准化执行以下重要功能：精简劳动活动对象，该功能旨在克服对象的不合理多样性；需要注意的是，应用标准化的经验表明，应用标准的经济效果比标准本身制定的成本高出5-10倍；标准化的社会和安全功能旨在建立符合健康、环保和安全要求的产品参数；资源节约功能与建立合理的资源消耗和节约要求相关联；交流功能确保为信息的客观感知和术语的规范创造条件；文明功能旨在提高产品质量，进而提高生活质量；例如，有一些标准确定了产品中有害物质的含量，其含量决定了一个人的预期寿命。
标准化最重要的任务是确保开发商、制造商、销售商和消费者在对交通、通信、国防、环境保护、环境控制和公共安全等项目、项目和基础设施综合体的控制基础上相互理解。
鉴于标准化对于科学技术发展、经济运行以及人类生活和活动的所有领域的重要性，所有国家都通过了相关法律和其他法规。 还通过了有关标准化的国际规范性文件。
只有每个企业都生产出高质量的有竞争力的产品，每个公民都兢兢业业、有知识、有乐趣地做自己的工作，我们才能获得有价值的未来和高品质的生活。
[phone] =>
[extend_phone] =>
[email] =>
[address] =>
[schedule_days] =>
[schedule_hours] =>
)
[real_path] => /education/schools-and-departments/institutions/faculty-of-ecology/directions/standardization-and-metrology-1
[direction] => Array
(
[id] => 2360
[level] => 4
[left_key] => 43474
[right_key] => 43475
[parent] => 1931
[name] => 标准化与计量
[name_ru] => Стандартизация и метрология
[seo_title] => 标准化与计量
[seo_keywords] => 标准化与计量
[seo_description] => 标准化与计量
[site] => 1
[path] => standardization-and-metrology
[visible] => 1
[num] => 341
[cdate] => 2017-10-29 16:50:39
[mdate] => 2026-09-16 14:28:16
[udate] => 2017-10-29 18:50:00
[cuser] => 1
[modul] => 0
[search] => 1
[menu] => 0
[link] =>
[sitemap] => 0
[target_blank] => 0
[fields] => Array
(
[educational_standard] =>
[educational_standard_rudn] =>
[in_departament] =>
)
)
[sub] =>
[institute] => 273
[list] => Array
(
[493] => Array
(
[id] => 493
[parent] => 492
[level] => 2
[left_key] => 1016
[right_key] => 1017
[name] => 全日制
[name_ru] => Очная
[path] =>
[value] =>
[type] => text
[num] => 10
[visible] => 1
[file_id] =>
[sub] => Array
(
)
)
[494] => Array
(
[id] => 494
[parent] => 492
[level] => 2
[left_key] => 1018
[right_key] => 1019
[name] => 全日制与非全日制
[name_ru] => Очно-заочная
[path] =>
[value] =>
[type] => text
[num] => 20
[visible] => 1
[file_id] =>
[sub] => Array
(
)
)
[495] => Array
(
[id] => 495
[parent] => 492
[level] => 2
[left_key] => 1020
[right_key] => 1021
[name] => 函授学
[name_ru] => Заочная
[path] =>
[value] =>
[type] => text
[num] => 30
[visible] => 1
[file_id] =>
[sub] => Array
(
)
)
)
[reference] => Array
(
[direction] => Array
(
[name] => direction
[type] => select
[list] =>
)
[institute] => Array
(
[name] => institute
[type] => select
[list] =>
)
)
)
)
)
[6] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/onessarudnru/index.php
[line] => 249
[function] => __construct
[class] => EducationController
[object] => EducationController Object
(
[rules:protected] => Array
(
[q] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[action] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[mode_of_study] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
)
)
[level_of_training] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[institute] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[language] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[direction] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[conditions_of_education] => Array
(
[type] => string
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
[array] => 1
[value] => Array
(
[0] => state_funded
[1] => contract
)
)
)
[towns] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[second_diploma] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_from] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[price_to] => Array
(
[type] => float
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
[change_input] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[tab] => Array
(
[type] => string
)
[page] => Array
(
[type] => int
[options] => Array
(
[default] => 0
)
)
)
[departmentLimit:EducationController:private] => 10
)
[type] => ->
[args] => Array
(
)
)
[7] => Array
(
[file] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/index.php
[line] => 4
[args] => Array
(
[0] => /var/www/chinese/sites/cn.rudn.ru/public_html/onessarudnru/index.php
)
[function] => require_once
)
)
